Individuals have a choice of either taking a standard deduction or itemizing their deductions. Taxpayers can use the method that gives them the lower tax. Due to tax law changes in the last couple years, people who itemized in the past might not want to continue to do so, so it’s important for all taxpayers to look into which deduction to take.
Standard deduction
The standard deduction amount adjusts every year and can vary by filing status.
The standard deduction amount depends on the taxpayer’s filing status, whether
they are 65 or older or blind, and whether another taxpayer can claim them as a
dependent. Taxpayers who are age 65 or older on the last day of the year and
don’t itemize deductions are entitled to a higher standard deduction.
Most filers who use Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR, U.S. Tax Return for Seniors, can find their standard deduction on the first page of the form.
Taxpayers who can’t use the standard deduction include:
- A married individual filing as married filing separately whose spouse itemizes deductions.
- An individual who files a tax return for a period of less than 12 months. This could be due to a change in their annual accounting period.
- An individual who was a nonresident alien or a dual-status alien during the year. However, nonresident aliens who are married to a U.S. citizen or resident alien can take the standard deduction in certain situations.
Itemized deductions
Taxpayers may need to itemize deductions because they can’t use the standard
deduction. They may also itemize deductions when this amount is greater than
their standard deduction.
Taxpayers who itemize file Schedule A, Form 1040, Itemized Deductions or Form 1040-SR, U.S. Tax Return for Seniors.
A taxpayer may benefit by itemizing deductions for things that include:
- State and local income or sales taxes
- Real estate and personal property taxes
- Mortgage interest
- Mortgage insurance premiums
- Personal casualty and theft losses from a federally declared disaster
- Donations to a qualified charity
- Unreimbursed medical and dental expenses that exceed 7.5% of adjusted gross income